TURI Technical Reports
Demonstration of Printwise: a "near-zero" lithographic ink and blanket wash system. 1997.
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| TURI Technical Report No. 39. This report presents the results of a demonstration of the Printwise lithographic ink and water-based presswash printing system, designed to reduce emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) to near-zero levels. The Printwise system employs vegetable oil-based ink containing a "solubility conversion mechanism" that reacts with the presswash to become water-soluble. Its use could allow printers to reduce or eliminate their major source of VOC emissions: conventional petroleum-based presswash. Download PDF file (5.74 MB) |
A Biological Process to Make Water Soluble Ionic Polymers: Poly (Glutamic Acid), Production and Isolation. 1993.
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| TURI Technical Report No. 14. Naturally occurring polymers have attracted considerable interest from polymer scientists in recent years. This interest is due in part to an increased awareness in the environment and the desire to produce environmentally safe materials. This report details experiments in the production and isolation of PGA, and is a continuation of research described in TURI Technical Report No. 1. Download PDF file (504.51 kB) |
Solvent Reduction Technologies: Macromeric Surfactants in Emulsion Polymerization. 1993.
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| TURI Technical Report No. 13. Functional PIB carrying methoxy endgroups were developed. The polymer prepared carrying diphenyl alkyl methyl ether at the end of the chain can be used to initiate the polymerization of silyl vinyl ethers in the presence of a Lewis acid and give block copolymers with controlled molecular weight and structure. Download PDF file (335.27 kB) |
Evaluation of the Interactions Between Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Polymeric Materials. 1994.
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| TURI Technical Report No. 12. In this report, we present (1) the results of testing a broad spectrum of polymers in carbon dioxide over a range of temperatures and pressures and (2) the evaluation of the effect of high-pressure carbon dioxide on the chemical/physical properties of the polymers. The carbon dioxide conditions included both super and subcritical points. The testing was performed, in a static manner, with four controlled variables: temperature, pressure, treatment time, and decompression time. The evaluation of the interactions between high-pressure carbon dioxide and polymers included absorption, swelling, solubility, plasticization, crystallization, and mechanical properties. The results of these evaluations are discussed in three sections: "I. Absorption, Swelling, and Dissolution of Carbon Dioxide in Polymers at Elevated Pressure," "II. Thermal Properties," and "III Mechanical Properties." This report resulted from direct collaboration and funding from the following sources: Los Alamos National Laboratory; Toxics Use Reduction Institute, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; International Business Machines Download PDF file (6.39 MB) |
Elimination of Ozone Depleting Chemicals at M/A-COM, Inc. 1993.
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| TURI Technical Report No. 9. Traditionally, cleaning steps in fabrication and assembly have often relied upon chlorinated solvents and chloroflurocarbon solvents for the removal of flux residues. With the identification of chloroflurocarbon 113 (a.k.a. Freons) as a contributor to the ozone depletion in the stratosphere, there is an expedience to reevaluate cleaning and to find ODC free alternatives that at a minimum are at least technically equal to existing methodologies. Industry has been looking at all cleaning media to evaluate their health potential to operators who use them, to the air we breath, to the water we drink and to the stratospheric ozone which protects us from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Solvent cleaning and aqueous/semi-aqueous cleaning must meet stringent guidelines when introduced in a manufacturing environment. New cleaning materials have been developed in an attempt to meet the needs of the industry and to provide safe alternatives. Download PDF file (1.39 MB) |
Arsine Source Replacement for the Growth of Gallium Arsenide via MOCVD. 1993.
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| TURI Technical Report No. 8. This feasibilty study involves the systematic evaluation of arsenic containing reagents that could potentially replace arsine gas from the process and manufacturing of microwave semiconductor diodes. The reagent would act as an input substitution in the Semiconductor Materials Laboratory at the Burlington Facility of M/A-COM. Download PDF file (635.29 kB) |
Health and Safety Impacts of Citrus-based Terpenes in Printed Circuit Board Cleaning. 1993.
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| TURI Technical Report No. 6. This report examines the health and safety impacts of d- Limonene as used in the printed circuit board cleaning operation. It focuses on animal and human toxicological studies and equipment safety features to conclude the impacts to the people involved in the printed circuit board cleaning operation. Data was obtained through data base searches and from manufacturers of d-Limonene, printed circuit board (PCB) defluxer manufacturers and PCB cleaning equipment manufacturers. Download PDF file (2.71 MB) |
Substitution Case Study: Alternatives to Solvent and Petroleum-based Inks. 1993.
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| TURI Technical Report No. 5. Printing inks are a diverse group of petroleum and solvent-based materials. Components of ink vary with ink color, the paper or other material (also known as substrate) which is to be printed, the type of printing process used, and other characteristics specific to the desired end product. This report looks into the different major commercial printing processes and the characteristics of the inks used for processes which dominate the Massachusetts commercial printing industry and less toxic or non-toxic alternatives to these inks. The purpose of the substitution studies is to provide an understanding of safer chemistries, processes, and products that are on the market and the benefits and costs to a manufacturer of switching to one of these alternatives. Download PDF file (705.16 kB) |
Substitution Case Study: Alternatives to Solvent-based Paints. 1993.
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| TURI Technical Report No. 4. A Massachusetts producer of specialized metal tool cabinets has successfully switched from solvent-based to water-based paints in their coating operations. The painting process involves coating the metal drawers with a primer coat, and then spray painting the cabinets and drawer fronts with the color coat. Originally the components were spray-painted with solvent-based (xylene) paints for both the primer and color coats. In August 1981, the company switched over to a water-based first coat for the metal drawers, which is applied by electrodeposition in a fully automated process line. After the paint is applied, the drawer is low temperature baked at 25Q-2750f' and conveyed to the spray booths for color coating. Although the reasons for implementing the electrodeposition tank were based on the fact that the process provided a better finish and increased production capacity, use of the electrodeposition tank also eliminated the waste produced from the spray paint application of the primer coat. The entire cost for the electrodeposition system was about $500,000 and included purchase and installation of the baking oven, the 2500 gallon tank and the control system. Download PDF file (1.26 MB) |
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Cleaning Solvent. 1992.
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| TURI Technical Report No. 3. Supercritical carbon dioxide was chosen for investigation as a primary cleaning fluid due to its low viscosity (0.05 centipoise), high diffusivity, and very low surface tension. Moreover it is environmentally non-hazardous, non-corrosive, non-flammable, readily available, inexpensive and available in high purity grades. Download PDF file (210.18 kB) |
Biological Synthesis of Chemicals and Materials: Production of Substituted Para-polyphenylene. 1992.
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| TURI Technical Report No. 2. The long-term goal of this project is the investigation of biological processes for the production of chemicals and materials. This specific project is a two-year effort focused on the production of substituted para-polyphenylene. Download PDF file (528.36 kB) |
Styrene Use in Massachusetts. 1993.
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| TURI Technical Report No. 7. The primary use of styrene in Massachusetts and nationwide is in the production of polystyrene. The polystyrene production industry in this state consumed 99 % of the styrene used in Massachusetts in 1990 according to the TURA data. Polystyrene typically is manufactured in large facilities where high volumes of the plastic are produced. Worker exposure to styrene in these facilities is usually well monitored and maintained within OSHA permissible exposure limits. However, with the large quantity of styrene used in polystyrene production, handling accidents potentially could be a significant source of worker and public exposure. Over the past six years, since the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) began recording accidental releases, 28 accidental releases of styrene have been reported. Almost all of these releases have occurred on-site at the industrial facility. Download PDF file (1.02 MB) |
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