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Greenlist(tm) Bulletin 05/05/2006


This is the weekly bulletin of the TURI Library, reporting a selection of recently published titles we have acquired. Our pledge is to keep the bulletin relevant to your work and brief -- no more than 10 titles. You are welcome to send a message to jan@turi.org if you would like more information on any of the articles listed here.

Titles here, abstracts below them:
  1. How Well Do Gloves and Respirators Block Nanoparticles?
  2. Putting the Earth in Play: Environmental Awareness and Sport
  3. Biotech Cotton Provides Same Yield with Fewer Pesticides
  4. The Quality of Our Nation’s Waters: Volatile Organic Compounds in the Nation’s Ground Water and Drinking-Water Supply Wells
  5. Asbestos Concerns Resurface: Brake Imports Using Fibers Surge, Imperiling Mechanics
  6. Business Brief: Intangibles and CSR
  7. Partitioning, Persistence, and Accumulation in Digested Sludge of the Topical Antiseptic Triclocarban during Wastewater Treatment

1. How Well Do Gloves and Respirators Block Nanoparticles?

AUTHOR Halford, Bethany

DATE 2006

SOURCE Chemical & Engineering News, v84 n18, May 1, 2006, p14

ABSTRACT The scientists who work on the front lines of research and manufacturing have long relied on standard protective equipment, such as respirators and gloves, as safeguards against potentially harmful substances. But no one is certain how effective these measures are against nanoparticles. The tiny particles could be small enough to slip past the fibers in a respirator's filter, or they could be so reactive that they penetrate the thin regions of a latex glove. "There are still a lot of unknowns as to whether or not traditional protective measures work against nanoparticles," says Michael J. Ellenbecker, a professor of industrial hygiene at the University of Massachusetts, Lowell. Ellenbecker is one of a handful of researchers trying to find out just how effective protective equipment is for the thousands of workers who handle nanoparticles every day. Ellenbecker and his colleague Kwangseog Ahn have been studying the efficacy of both latex and nitrile disposable gloves. In preliminary tests, they exposed gloves to bulk nanoalumina and nanoclay for one hour or, in a second, more rigorous test, shook the gloves in the presence of nanoparticles for one hour. Afterward, they examined the surface of the gloves, using scanning electron microscopy, to see if any of the material had gone through. "We haven't found that particles penetrate gloves," Ellenbecker says, but, he adds, there was some evidence that the nanoparticles tend to accumulate in areas where the gloves are thinner. This phenomenon concerns the researchers. Where the gloves are thin, "it wouldn't take much force to push something through," Ellenbecker says.

WEB LINK http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/84/8418nanotechnology2.html


2. Putting the Earth in Play: Environmental Awareness and Sport

AUTHOR Schmidt, Charles W.

DATE 2006

SOURCE Environmental Health Perspectives, v114 n5, May 2006, ppA286-295

ABSTRACT Since time immemorial, people have entertained themselves with sports. Sports are emblematic of health, with the best matches played by athletes in peak physical form. But ironically, even as sports promote health, they can also degrade the environment upon which good health depends. Whether played or watched, athletic endeavors have the potential to produce huge environmental “footprints” in terms of their use and abuse of natural resources. Ski slopes, for instance, disrupt fragile alpine ecosystems, while snowmobiles spew exhaust fumes into the air. Golf courses sprawl across the land, and consume large amounts of pesticides and water, while parking lots for stadiums and arenas produce vast paved surfaces. And major sports events use energy, emit greenhouse gases, and produce voluminous trash. The 2006 Super Bowl in Detroit produced 500 tons of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (from transportation and utility usage), while the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens produced half a million tons in two weeks—roughly comparable to what a city of 1 million people would emit over a similar period. Each match during the 2006 World Cup this summer will use up to 3 million kilowatt-hours of energy (similar to the annual consumption of 700 European households), and produce an estimated 5–10 tons of trash. These impacts have spawned an environmental movement with two broad goals: to reduce the ecological footprint of sports activities, and to exploit the popularity of sports to raise environmental awareness in general. “Like any other sector, sport has environmental consequences,” says David Chernushenko, president of Green and Gold, a sports sustainability consulting firm in Ottawa, Canada, and author of the first book on the subject— Greening Our Games, published in 1994. “But sports are also heavily impacted by degraded environments, and that’s important to an athlete who can’t run on smog days, or to those in the golf industry who get told they can’t build a new course because bad practices have tarred their image. So, sports create opportunities to produce leaders for better environmental practice.”

WEB LINK http://www.ehponline.org/members/2006/114-5/ehp0114-a00286.pdf


3. Biotech Cotton Provides Same Yield with Fewer Pesticides

AUTHOR Jensen, Mari N.

DATE 2006

SOURCE University of Arizona, UANews.org, May 1, 2006

ABSTRACT Arizona farmers receive the same yield/acre, use fewer chemical insecticides and maintain insect biodiversity when they plant the biotech cotton known as Bt cotton, according to new research. The finding comes from the first large-scale study that simultaneously examined how growing Bt cotton affects yield, pesticide use and biodiversity. Bt cotton has been genetically altered to produce Bt toxin, a naturally occurring insecticide that kills pink bollworm, a major pest of cotton. Bt cotton has been planted in Arizona since 1996. Now more than half of the state’s 256,000 acres of cotton fields are planted with the biotech plants. Some have suggested that, in addition to killing the target pests, insecticide-containing crops like Bt cotton would also kill beneficial and non-target arthropods. The new study found that Bt cotton, also known as transgenic cotton, does not affect the biodiversity of insects in cotton fields.

WEB LINK http://uanews.org/cgi-bin/WebObjects/UANews.woa/3/wa/SRStoryDetails?ArticleID=12616


4. The Quality of Our Nation’s Waters: Volatile Organic Compounds in the Nation’s Ground Water and Drinking-Water Supply Wells

AUTHOR Zogorski, John S.; Carter, Janet M.; Ivahnenko, Tamara; Lapham, Wayne W.; Moran, Michael J.; Rowe, Barbara L.; Squillace, Paul J.; Toccalino, Patricia L.

DATE 2006

SOURCE United States Geological Survey (USGS)

ABSTRACT This report is one of a series of publications, The Quality of Our Nation’s Waters, that describe major findings of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program on water-quality issues of national and regional concern. This report is on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water and drinking-water supply wells. It is a synthesis of NAWQA and other investigations. Fifty-five VOCs are emphasized in NAWQA’s field studies, and these compounds are the focus of this report. During NAWQA’s first decade of Study-Unit investigations, samples from more than 2,500 wells were analyzed for VOCs. In addition, carefully selected VOC data from more than 1,700 well samples were compiled from other agencies or collected in other USGS studies. Collectively, these VOC analyses are the basis for this report’s assessment, which is (1) the first national assessment of a large number of VOCs in the Nation’s aquifers and (2) the most recent national characterization of VOCs in samples from domestic and public wells used for drinking water. Subsequent reports in this series will cover other water-quality constituents of concern, such as pesticides, nutrients, trace elements, as well as physical and chemical effects on aquatic ecosystems. Each report will build toward a more comprehensive understanding of national and regional water resources as additional investigations are completed and as scientific models and tools that link water-quality conditions, dominant sources, and environmental characteristics are developed. The information in this report is intended primarily for scientists and engineers interested or involved in resource management, conservation, regulation, and policy making at national, regional, and State levels. In addition, the information in this report is intended for public health agencies and water utilities who wish to know more about specific contaminant groups such as VOCs.

WEB LINK http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1292/


5. Asbestos Concerns Resurface: Brake Imports Using Fibers Surge, Imperiling Mechanics

AUTHOR Schneider, Andrew

DATE 2006

SOURCE Baltimore Sun, May 3, 2006

ABSTRACT A significant increase in imports of automobile brakes containing asbestos over the past decade is raising renewed concerns for the health of the nation's auto mechanics. Most U.S. automakers stopped installing brakes with asbestos in the 1990s, amid worries about the health hazards. As the perceived risk of exposure declined, so did government warnings to mechanics outlining the possible dangers. Despite an 83 percent rise in imported brakes with asbestos over the past decade, there has been no renewed effort by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to notify mechanics that they might again be at risk of asbestos-related disease, which can be fatal. Many mechanics are apparently unaware of the dangers of working with such brakes, which are installed as replacements by corner gas stations, backyard mechanics and auto repair shops, even though warnings on some boxes note the presence of asbestos. Health officials say the problem could be compounded by a common misperception that the United States has banned asbestos, which can cause mesothelioma, lung cancer or asbestosis. The United States is one of the few industrialized nations that haven't banned the use or importation of most asbestos products.

WEB LINK http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/nationworld/bal-te.brakes03may03,0,4718853.story


6. Business Brief: Intangibles and CSR

AUTHOR White, Allen L.

DATE 2006

SOURCE Business for Social Responsibility (BSR)

ABSTRACT This brief follows discussions at the BSR July 2005 retreat of member companies that focused on the future of business-society relations. At that event, the question of intangible assets (hereafter “intangibles”) emerged as a topic of keen interest to many of the participating companies. Like most in the business community, many sensed that intangibles are powerful drivers of value creation but, at the same time, they are poorly articulated, normally unmeasured and rarely reported. Further, the question of how intangibles relate to the CSR agenda was correctly identified as largely unexplored territory. Each day in the capital markets and each year in the annual financial statements of publicly traded companies are reminders of how true these impressions are. The well-documented divergence between market capitalization and book value, the large price earnings ratios of technology stars such as Google and eBay, and the bids to acquire firms that substantially exceed value of physical and financial assets—all these trends attest to the role of intangibles in company valuation. Yet, notwithstanding the overwhelming evidence, little progress has been achieved in articulating and quantifying the intangible assets. This despite evidence that as much as one-third of portfolio managers’ investment decisions are based on intangibles. Even less attention has been devoted to linking such intangibles to the CSR agenda. Intangibles such as reputation, trust and capacity to innovate—all widely recognized as fundamental to strong financial performance—are at the same time integral to the CSR agenda. Astute management of global supply chains, visionary environmental products and services, and proactive risk management through anti-corruption and HIV/AIDS initiatives are the kinds of practices associated with both CSR and quality of management. For the investment community, any determinant of quality of management is viewed as key to the overall assessment of company competitive prospects. This brief is an opening exploration of the intangibles-CSR relationship and provides a framework for understanding this relationship. The brief begins with a mini-case, turns to definitions, and moves to illustrative intangibles initiatives and points of intersection between intangibles and CSR.

WEB LINK http://www.bsr.org/meta/200602_intangibles_csr.pdf


7. Partitioning, Persistence, and Accumulation in Digested Sludge of the Topical Antiseptic Triclocarban during Wastewater Treatment

AUTHOR Heidler, Jochen; Sapkota, Amir; Halden, Rolf U.

DATE 2006

SOURCE Environmental Science & Technology Research ASAP, April 26, 2006

ABSTRACT The topical antiseptic agent triclocarban (TCC) is a common additive in many antimicrobial household consumables, including soaps and other personal care products. Long-term usage of the mass-produced compound and a lack of understanding of its fate during sewage treatment motivated the present mass balance analysis conducted at a typical U.S. activated sludge wastewater treatment plant featuring a design capacity of 680 million liters per day. Using automated samplers and grab sampling, the mass of TCC contained in influent, effluent, and digested sludge was monitored by isotope dilution liquid chromatography (tandem) mass spectrometry. The average mass of TCC entering and exiting the plant in influent and effluent was 3737 +/-694 and 127 +/-6 g/d, respectively, indicating an aqueous-phase removal efficiency of 97 +/- 1%. Tertiary treatment by chlorination and sand filtration provided no detectable benefit to the overall removal. Due to strong sorption of TCC to wastewater particulate matter (78 +/- 11% sorbed), the majority of the TCC mass was sequestered into sludge in the primary and secondary clarifiers of the plant. Anaerobic digestion for 19 days did not promote TCC transformation, resulting in an accumulation of the antiseptic compound in dewatered, digested municipal sludge to levels of 51 +/-15 mg/kg dry weight (2815 +/- 917 g/d). In addition to the biocide mass passing through the plant contained in the effluent (3 +/- 1%), 76 +/- 30% of the TCC input entering the plant underwent no net transformation and instead partitioned into and accumulated in municipal sludge. Based on the rate of beneficial reuse of sludge produced by this facility (95%), which exceeds the national average (63%), study results suggest that approximately three-quarters of the mass of TCC disposed of by consumers in the sewershed of the plant ultimately is released into the environment by application of municipal sludge (biosolids) on land used in part for agriculture.

WEB LINK http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/sample.cgi/esthag/asap/pdf/es052245n.pdf

 

You are welcome to send a message to jan@turi.org if you would like more information on any of these resources. Also, please tell us what topics you are particularly interested in monitoring, and who else should see GREENLIST. An online search of the TURI Library catalog can be done at http://greenlist.turi.org/ for greater topic coverage.

Compiled by the TURI Library, University of Massachusetts Lowell



This page updated Thursday June 08 2006