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Greenlist(tm) Bulletin 06/09/2006


This is the weekly bulletin of the TURI Library, reporting a selection of recently published titles we have acquired. Our pledge is to keep the bulletin relevant to your work and brief -- no more than 10 titles. You are welcome to send a message to jan@turi.org if you would like more information on any of the articles listed here.

Titles here, abstracts below them:
  1. Greening the Supply Chain: Small Business, Big Environmental Gains
  2. 'Cloaked' Carbon Nanotubes Become Non-Toxic
  3. Grants Management: EPA Has Made Progress in Grant Reforms but Needs to Address Weaknesses in Implementation and Accountability
  4. Defining Organic Practices for Wine and Grapes
  5. Indoor Air Chemistry: Cleaning Agents, Ozone and Toxic Air Contaminants
  6. Choices Matter: 2005 Sustainability Report

1. Greening the Supply Chain: Small Business, Big Environmental Gains

AUTHOR FitzGerald, Tara

SOURCE Trio, The Newsletter of the North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation, Spring 2006

ABSTRACT "Can a company simultaneously become more eco-efficient and more competitive, or does caring for the environment come at the cost of productivity? These were just some of the questions that went through the heads of Mexican suppliers several months ago when they were invited to participate in a project aimed at “greening the supply chain.” This pilot project was launched in October 2005 with the participation of such major multinationals as Colgate-Palmolive, Janssen-Cilag, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Clarion, under the sponsorship of the CEC and the Iniciativa GEMI de México.Each of the multinationals involved went through a process of identifying a group of small and medium-size suppliers (up to 500 employees) with whom they believed they could work to achieve economic and environmental efficiencies. Through training and technical and financial assistance, the project—now at its halfway stage—aims to help small and medium-size suppliers to improve both their competitiveness and their environmental performance through reducing operating costs in a sustained and long-term manner. The pilot project’s main aim is for supplier companies to develop projects that display competitiveness and prevent pollution in their production processes. The training and development stage lasts about four months, and after that it depends on the individual company and the projects they want to put in place. The project does not require that companies comply with certain norms, but rather that they identify opportunities to improve productivity from an environmentally-conscious standpoint."


2. 'Cloaked' Carbon Nanotubes Become Non-Toxic

AUTHOR Barry, Patrick

SOURCE NewScientist.com, May 15, 2006

ABSTRACT "A way to cloak carbon nanotubes, making them both non-toxic and highly customisable, has been revealed. It marks a step towards using nanotubes in biological research and medicine. Nanotubes are rolled up sheets of linked carbon atoms and are as little as 10 atoms wide. In the future they could act as tiny molecular sensors, detecting individual enzymes inside living cells, or could enable new medical treatments for diseases such as cancer. But for reasons that remain unclear, bare nanotubes are toxic, triggering the death of cells that they touch. To deal with this problem, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, US, created rod-shaped synthetic polymers that mimic molecules found naturally on the outer surface of the body's cells. They then attached these molecules to the nanotubes like pine needles on a twig. This polymer coating prevented the nanotubes from damaging cells grown in the lab."


3. Grants Management: EPA Has Made Progress in Grant Reforms but Needs to Address Weaknesses in Implementation and Accountability

DATE 2006

SOURCE United States Government Accountability Office (GAO)

ABSTRACT "EPA has made important strides in achieving the grant reforms laid out in its 2003 Grants Management Plan, but weaknesses in implementation and accountability continue to hamper effective grants management in four areas. First, EPA has strengthened its award process by, among other things, (1) expanding the use of competition to select the most qualified applicants and (2) issuing new policies and guidance to improve the awarding of grants. Despite this progress, EPA’s reviews found that staff do not always fully document their assessments of grantees’ cost proposals; GAO also identified this problem in one region. Lack of documentation may hinder EPA’s ability to be accountable for the reasonableness of the grantee’s proposed costs. EPA is reexamining its cost review policy to address this problem. Second, EPA has made progress in reviewing its in-depth monitoring results to identify systemic problems, but long-standing issues remain in documenting ongoing monitoring and closing out grants. EPA and GAO found that staff do not always document ongoing monitoring, which is critical for determining if a grantee is on track in meeting its agreement. Without documentation, questions arise about the adequacy of EPA’s monitoring of grantee performance. This lack of documentation occurred, in part, because managers have not fulfilled their commitment to improve monitoring documentation. In addition, grant closeouts are needed to ensure that grantees have met all financial requirements, provided their final reports, and returned any unexpended balances. For fiscal year 2005, EPA closed out only 37 percent of grants within 180 days after the grant project ended, as required by its policy. EPA also did not always close out grants properly in the regional files GAO reviewed. Third, EPA has initiated actions to obtain environmental results from its grants, but these efforts are not complete. For example, EPA’s 2005 environmental results policy establishes criteria grants should meet to obtain results. However, EPA has not established a performance measure that addresses these criteria. Furthermore, EPA has not yet identified better ways to integrate its grant reporting systems. Finally, the Office of Management and Budget’s 2006 assessment indicates that EPA needs to continue its concerted efforts to achieve results from grants. Finally, EPA has taken steps to manage grant staff and resources more effectively by analyzing workload, providing training, assessing the reliability of its grants management computer database, and holding managers and staff accountable for successfully fulfilling their grant responsibilities. Management attention is still needed because, among other things, EPA has just begun to implement its performance appraisal system for holding managers and staff accountable for grants management."

WEB LINK http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d06625.pdf


4. Defining Organic Practices for Wine and Grapes

AUTHOR Robin, Renee L.

SOURCE Wine Business Monthly, April 2006

ABSTRACT "While the wine industry is actively evaluating how to enhance quality and production, it is also working toward "treading more lightly on the land." For some this means reducing certain chemical inputs in production practices; for others it may mean "greening" operations by reducing the waste stream, using more renewable energy sources, or investigating alternative seed stocks and cultivation practices. Wherever you fall in the spectrum, the wine industry is looking hard at the merits and feasibility of adopting certified organic practices. The key question is whether the adoption of organic practices or ingredients adds value to your products, markets and community. In the case of organic wine, the regulatory environment is specialized, but there are opportunities for premium pricing, a supplemental niche market and long-term environmental benefits. Moreover, in the world of gourmet food and wine, products made with organic ingredients are given deference for their flavor and their consistency with gastronomic values, such as quality ingredients and land stewardship. According to the Organic Trade Association (OTA), the organic market grew an average of 20-24-percent a year throughout the 1990s, and consumers spent $7.8 billion on organic products in 2000 alone. According to the California Department of Food and Agriculture, there were 7,940 acres of certified organic wine grapes in California in 2003. Although organic wine is still a small market niche, the growth potential is strong. This article provides basic definitions relevant to organic wines and agriculture as well as an overview of the regulatory structure that applies to organic practices, products, labeling and distribution. In addition, some useful Internet links are provided as sources for more detailed information."

WEB LINK http://www.winebusiness.com/html/MonthlyArticle.cfm?dataId=42774


5. Indoor Air Chemistry: Cleaning Agents, Ozone and Toxic Air Contaminants

AUTHOR Nazaroff, William W.; Coleman, Beverly K.; Destaillats, Hugo; et al.

DATE 2006

SOURCE California Air Resources Board (CARB); California Environmental Protection Agency

ABSTRACT "When cleaning products and air fresheners are used indoors, occupants are exposed to airborne chemicals, potentially leading to health risks. Indoor air pollutant exposures owing to cleaning product and air freshener use depend on emissions from products, dynamic behavior of chemical species, and human factors. A series of experiments was conducted to investigate volatile organic compound emissions, concentrations, and reactive chemistry associated with the household use of cleaning products and air fresheners. Research focused on two common classes of ingredients in cleaning products and air fresheners: ethylene-based glycol ethers, which are classified as toxic air contaminants, and terpenes, which react rapidly with ozone. A shelf-survey of retail outlets led to the selection of 21 products whose chemical composition was characterized. Among the criteria used to select these products were ready availability through California retail outlets and, for the majority of products, expectation that they contained ethylene-based glycol ethers, terpenes and related compounds, or both. Of the 17 cleaning products characterized, four contained substantial levels of d-limonene (4-25% by mass), three contained terpenoids that are characteristic of pine oil, six contained substantial levels of ethylene-based glycol ethers (0.8-10% by mass), and five contained less than 0.2% of any of the target analytes. Xylene in one product was the only other toxic air contaminant detected. Among the four air fresheners characterized, three contained substantial quantities (9-14% by mass) of terpene hydrocarbon and terpene alcohol constituents, with linalool being the most abundant. Six of the 21 products were investigated in simulated-use experiments in which emissions and concentrations of primary constituents were measured. Cleaning products that contain 2- butoxyethanol as an active ingredient produced one-hour-average concentrations of 300 to 2,300 µg/m 3 immediately after simulated typical use in a room-sized chamber. For cleaning products that contain d-limonene as an active ingredient, corresponding levels were 1,000 to 6,000 µg/m 3 . Application of a pine-oil based cleaner produced one-hour-average concentrations of 10-1300 µg/m 3 for terpene hydrocarbons and terpene alcohols. Reactive chemistry was studied by exposing constituents of three products to ozone, both in a bench-scale chamber and during simulated use. Prominent products of the reaction of terpenes with ozone included formaldehyde (a toxic air contaminant), hydroxyl radical, and secondary organic aerosol (a form of fine particulate matter). Incorporating the new experimental data, exposures were estimated for several simulated use scenarios. Under ordinary circumstances, exposures to 2-butoxyethanol, formaldehyde, and secondary organic aerosol are not expected to be as high as guideline values solely as a result of cleaning product or air freshener use. However, ordinary use could lead to exposure levels of similar magnitude as guideline values. Scenario model results suggest that exposure levels could exceed guideline values under exceptional yet plausible conditions, such as cleaning a large surface area in a small room. The results of this study provide important information for understanding the inhalation exposures to certain air pollutants that can result from the use of common household products."

WEB LINK http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/abstracts/01-336.htm


6. Choices Matter: 2005 Sustainability Report

DATE 2006

SOURCE International Finance Corporation (IFC), World Bank Group

ABSTRACT "Celebrating its 50th Anniversary, the International Finance Corporation has released its 2005 Sustainability Report, entitled “Choices Matter. ” This is IFC’s fourth annual sustainability report and third stand-alone edition. This year's report provides more information than ever before about how sustainability is integrated into decision-making throughout IFC's investment cycle. It also shows how the Corporation is using its unique position and resources to respond to global challenges, such as climate change, poverty, corruption, HIV/AIDS, participation of women in private sector development, and the preservation of natural resources. According to the report, IFC invested nearly $221 million in sustainable energy during FY05 and used microfinance projects to widen access to finance for the world's poorest people. IFC is leading by example through its new environmental and social standards and by promoting the business case for sustainability among its financial sector clients. Additional highlights include progress on IFC's commitment to manage its own social and environmental footprint by reducing waste, greening its energy use, and reaching out to the community."

WEB LINK http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/home.nsf/Content/Resources_SustainabilityReport

 

You are welcome to send a message to jan@turi.org if you would like more information on any of these resources. Also, please tell us what topics you are particularly interested in monitoring, and who else should see GREENLIST. An online search of the TURI Library catalog can be done at http://greenlist.turi.org/ for greater topic coverage.

Compiled by the TURI Library, University of Massachusetts Lowell



This page updated Friday June 16 2006