TURI - Toxics Use Reduction Institute

  TURI » Library » TURI Publications » Five Chemicals... » Final Report » Table of Contents  

Table of Contents

List of Acronyms

Table of Chemicals Studied

Executive Summary

• Overview

• Lead and Lead Compounds

• Formaldehyde

• Perchloroethylene

• Hexavalent Chromium

• DEHP

• Economic Assessment

• Conclusions

Chapter 1. Introduction

1.1 Legislative Mandate and Context

1.2 Goals and Objectives

Chapter 2. Approach and Methodology

2.1 Approach

2.2 Stakeholder Involvement

2.3 Phase I: Chemical Impacts and Uses

• 2.3.1 Potential Impacts of Chemicals (Phase Ia)

• 2.3.2 Identify Uses (Phase Ib)

• 2.3.3 Prioritize Uses (Phase I.c)

2.4 Phase II: Alternatives

• 2.4.1 Identify Alternatives (Phase II.a)

• 2.4.2 Screen Alternatives

• 2.4.3 Prioritize Alternatives for Study

2.5 Phase III: Alternatives Assessment

• 2.5.1 Technical Feasibility

• 2.5.2 Financial Feasibility

• 2.5.3 Environmental and Human Health Assessment

• 2.5.4 Procedures Followed for Evaluating Mixtures, Material Alternatives, and Process Alternatives

2.6 Economic Impact Study

2.7 Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)

Chapter 3. Lead and Lead Compounds

3.1 Lead Overview

• 3.1.1 Characteristics of Lead

• 3.1.2 Potential Health and Environmental Impacts of Lead

3.2 Lead Use Identification and Prioritization

• 3.2.1 Use Identification

• 3.2.2 Use Prioritization

3.3 Lead Alternatives Identification and Prioritization

• 3.3.1 Alternatives associated with Ammunition for Shooting Ranges

• 3.3.2 Alternatives Associated with Wheel Weights

• 3.3.3 Alternatives Associated with Fishing Sinkers

• 3.3.4 Alternatives Associated with Heat Stabilizers for PVC Wire and Cable Coating

3.4 Lead Alternatives Assessment

• 3.4.1 Alternatives Assessment for Ammunition for Shooting Ranges

• 3.4.2 Alternatives Assessment for Wheel Weights

• 3.4.4 Alternatives Assessment for Heat Stabilizers for PVC Wire andCable Coatings

3.5 Summary and Conclusions

Chapter 4. Formaldehyde

4.1 Overview

• 4.1.1 Characteristics of the Chemical

• 4.1.2 Health and Environmental Impacts

• 4.1.3 Use and Functionality

4.2 Formaldehyde Use Prioritization

4.3 Formaldehyde Alternatives Prioritization

• 4.3.1 Alternatives Associated with Sanitary Storage in Barbering and Cosmetology

• 4.3.2 Alternatives Associated with Preserved EducationalSpecimens for Dissection

• 4.3.3 Alternatives Associated with Building Panels

4.4 Formaldehyde Alternatives Assessment

• 4.4.1 Alternatives Assessment for Sanitary Storage inBarbering and Cosmetology

• 4.4.2 Alternatives Assessment for Preserved EducationalSpecimens for Dissection

• 4.4.3 Alternatives Assessment for Hardwood Plywood andStructural Use Building Panels

4.5. Summary and Conclusions

Chapter 5. Perchloroethylene

5.1 Overview – Perchloroethylene

• 5.1.1 Characteristics of the Chemical

• 5.1.2 Health and Environmental Impacts

• 5.1.3 Use and Functionality

5.2 Perchloroethylene Use Prioritization

5.3 PCE Alternatives Prioritization

• 5.3.1 Alternatives Associated with Dry Cleaning

• 5.3.2 Alternatives Associated with Vapor Degreasing

• 5.3.3 Alternatives Associated with Automotive Aerosols

• 5.3.4 Summary of Alternatives Prioritization

5.4 PCE Alternatives Assessment

• 5.4.1 Alternatives Assessment for Dry Cleaning

• 5.4.2 Alternatives Assessment for Vapor Degreasing

• 5.4.3 Alternatives Assessment for Automotive Aerosols

5.5 Summary and Conclusions

Chapter 6. Hexavalent Chromium

6.1 Overview

• 6.1.1 Characteristics of Hexavalent Chromium

• 6.1.2 Health and Environmental Impacts

• 6.1.3 Use and Functionality

6.2 Use Prioritization

6.3 Alternatives Prioritization for Hexavalent Chromium

• 6.3.1 Alternatives Associated with Decorative Chromium Electroplating

• 6.3.2 Alternatives Associated with Hard/Functional Chromium Electroplating

• 6.3.3 Alternatives Associated with Passivation of Zinc

6.4 Alternatives Assessment

• 6.4.1 Decorative Chromium Electroplating of Consumer and Automotive Products

• 6.4.2 Hard Chromium Electroplating of Industrial Components

• 6.4.3 Passivation of Zinc Plated Parts and Zinc Galvanized Steel

Summary and Conclusions

Decorative Chromium Electroplating

Hard Chromium Electroplating

Passivation of Zinc

Chapter 7. DEHP

7.1 Overview for DEHP

• 7.1.1 Characteristics

• 7.1.2 Health and Environmental Impacts

• 7.1.3 Use and Functionality

7.2 DEHP Use Prioritization

7.3 DEHP Alternatives Identification and Prioritization

• 7.3.1 Alternatives Associated with Resilient Flooring

• 7.3.2 Alternatives Associated with Medical Devices for Neonatal Care

• 7.3.3 Alternatives Associated with Wall Coverings

7.4 DEHP Alternatives Assessment

• 7.4.1 Alternatives Assessment for Resilient Flooring

• 7.4.2 Alternatives Assessment for Medical Devices for Neonatal Care:Sheet and Tubing Applications

• 7.4.3 Alternatives Assessment for Wall Coverings

7.5. Summary and Conclusions

Chapter 8. Statewide Economic Impact

8.1 Overview

• Introduction

• TURA Experience

• Literature Review

• Expert Discussion Group

8.2. Economic Impact Assessment Framework

8.3 Economic Themes

8.4 Lessons from the Five Chemical Assessments

8.5 Conclusions

Chapter 9. Conclusions and Recommendations

9.1 Conclusions

• 9.1.1 Conclusions regarding the specific chemicals

• 9.1.2 Conclusions regarding the alternatives assessment process

• 9.1.3 Conclusions regarding statewide economic impact

9.2 Recommendations

Appendix A – Alternatives Assessment Process Guidance

Appendix B – Uses for All Chemical

• B.1 Lead

• B.2 Formaldehyde

• B.3 Perchloroethylene

• B.4 Hexavalent Chromium

• B.5 DEHP

Appendix C – Alternatives Screening

• C.1 Lead

• C.2 Formaldehyde

• C.3 Perchloroethylene

• C.4 Hexavalent Chromium

• C.5 DEHP

Appendix D – Environmental Health & Safety Tables

• D.1 Lead

• D.2 Formaldehyde

• D.3 Perchloroethylene

• D.4 Hexavalent Chromium

• D.5 DEHP

Appendix E – Supporting Technical Information

• E.1 Economic Impact

• E.2 Perchloroethylene

This page updated Monday July 21 2008