References
November 2021
References for Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Fact Sheet
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[3] USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; Didecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride (DDAC) Final Work Plan, Registration Review: Initial Docket Case Number 3003, March 2017. Docket Number EPA-HQ-OPP-2015-0740
[4] United States Environmental Protection Agency (2017) Alkyls Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) Final Work Plan, Registration Review: Initial Docket, Case Number 03050, Docket Number EPA-HQ-OPP-2015-0737.
[5] ECHA; Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (7173-51-5). Registered Data Dossier. Helsinki, Finland: European Chemicals Agency. Accessed at: https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registereddossier/5864/4/2
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[7] Stepan Company, Stepanquat 8358: https://zh.stepan.com/content/stepan-dot-com/en/products-markets/product/STEPANQUAT8358.html
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[14] Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics (AOEC) Exposure code lookup for Didecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride (CAS 7173-51-5) accessed on 8/17/20: http://www.aoecdata.org/ExpCodeLookup.aspx
[15] Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics (AOEC) Exposure code lookup for Alkyl Dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (CAS #: 68424-85-1) accessed on 10/14/20: http://www.aoecdata.org/ExpCodeLookup.aspx
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[18] Gonzalez M, Jégu J, Kopferschmitt MC, Donnay C, Hedelin G, Matzinger F, Velten M, Guilloux L, Cantineau A, de Blay F. Asthma among workers in healthcare settings: role of disinfection with quaternary ammonium compounds. Clin Exp Allergy. 2014 Mar;44(3):393-406. doi: 10.1111/cea.12215. PMID: 24128009.
[19] Anderson, S. E., Shane, H., Long, C., Lukomska, E., Meade, B. J., & Marshall, N. B. (2016). Evaluation of the irritancy and hypersensitivity potential following topical application of didecyldimethylammonium chloride. Journal of Immunotoxicology, 13(4), 557–566. https://doi-org.umasslowell.idm.oclc.org/10.3109/1547691X.2016.1140854
[20] Melin, V. E., Potineni, H., Hunt, P., Griswold, J., Siems, B., Werre, S. R., & Hrubec, T. C. (2014). Exposure to common quaternary ammonium disinfectants decreases fertility in mice. Reproductive Toxicology, 50, 163–170. https://doi-org.umasslowell.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.07.071
[21] Melin, V. E., Melin, T. E., Dessify, B. J., Nguyen, C. T., Shea, C. S., & Hrubec, T. C. (2016). Quaternary ammonium disinfectants cause subfertility in mice by targeting both male and female reproductive processes. Reproductive Toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.), 59, 159–166. https://doi-org.umasslowell.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.10.006
[22] Hrubec TC, Melin VE, Shea CS, et al. Ambient and Dosed Exposure to Quaternary Ammonium Disinfectants Causes Neural Tube Defects in Rodents. Birth Defects Res. 2017;109(14):1166-1178. doi:10.1002/bdr2.1064
[23] Melin, V. E., Potineni, H., Hunt, P., Griswold, J., Siems, B., Werre, S. R., & Hrubec, T. C. (2014). Exposure to common quaternary ammonium disinfectants decreases fertility in mice. Reproductive Toxicology, 50, 163–170. https://doi-org.umasslowell.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.07.071
[24] Melin VE, Melin TE, Dessify BJ, Nguyen CT, Shea CS, Hrubec TC. Quaternary ammonium disinfectants cause subfertility in mice by targeting both male and female reproductive processes. Reprod Toxicol. 2016 Jan;59:159-66. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.10.006. Epub 2015 Nov 12. PMID: 26582257
[25] Hrubec TC, Melin VE, Shea CS, et al. Ambient and Dosed Exposure to Quaternary Ammonium Disinfectants Causes Neural Tube Defects in Rodents. Birth Defects Res. 2017;109(14):1166-1178. doi:10.1002/bdr2.1064
[26] Hrubec TC, et al. (2020) Altered Toxicological Endpoints in Humans with Quaternary Ammonium Compound Exposure doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.15.20154963
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[28] Datta, S.; He, G.; Tomilov, A.; Sahdeo, S.; Denison, M. S.; Cortopassi, G., In vitro evaluation of mitochondrial function and estrogen signaling in cell lines exposed to the antiseptic cetylpyridinium chloride. Environ. Health Perspect. 2017, 125, 087015-087015.
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[30] https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-labels/dfe-certified-disinfectants
[31] Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics (AOEC) Exposure Code 050.480 “Mixture of Hydrogen Peroxide and Peroxyacetic Acid” Accessed 9/21/2021: http://www.aoecdata.org/ExpCodeLookup.aspx